Think / say / believe / know / consider / understand / claim / expect / allege / report / suppose / fear / hope/assume/declare/

Ё нгЯд КНжнб ЗбМгб Ебм ЗбгИдм ббгМежб ИШСнЮКнд:

Ё ЗбШСнЮЙ ЗбГжбн:

1) It + be + P.P. (ЗбКХСнЭ ЗбЛЗбЛ гд ЭЪб ЗбМгбЙ ЗбГжбн   ) + that + ИЮнЙ ЗбМгЬЬбЙ ИПжд КЫннС                                                                                       

• People think that this building withstands earthquakes.

• It is thought that this building withstands earthquakes.

• The police believed that she stole the documents.

• It was believed that she stole the documents.

Ё ЗбШСнЮЙ ЗбЛЗднЙ жЭнеЗ дИПГ ИЭЗЪб ЗбМгбЙ ЗбКЗднЙ:

2 ЗИПГ ИЭЗЪб ЗбМгбЙ + to Be + PP. (ЗбКХСнЭ ЗбЛЗбЛ гд ЗбЭЪб ЗбГжб)  + to-inf. гд ЗбЭЪб ЗбЛЗдн ббМгбЙ

  (Эн ЗбгЦЗСЪ ЗбИУнШ Гж ЗбгУКЮИб ЗбИУнШ)  

ЗИПГ ИЭЗЪб ЗбМгбЙ ЗбЛЗднЙ       + to be + PP (гд ЗбЭЪб ЗбГжб)  + to have + PP.

(Эн ЗбгЗЦн ЗбИУнШ ж ЗбгЦЗСЪ ЗбКЗг ж ЗбгЗЦн ЗбКЗг)

 

• People think that this building withstands нКНгб earthquakes.

• This building is thought to withstand earthquakes.

• The police believed that she stole the documents.

• She was believedto have stolen the documents.

 

• Investigators think that a fire broke out because of a cigarette end.

• A fire is thoughtto have broken out because of a cigarette end.

 

Ё бЗНЩ Зде Эн ЯбЗ ЗбШСнЮКнд нКг КНжнб ЗбГЭЪЗб ЗбУЗИЮЙ think/say/believe, etc. Ебм ЗбгИдм ббгМежб:

• People believe that she stole the documents.                            

  = It is believed that she stole the documents.

  = It is believed that the documents were stolen.

  = She is believed to have stolen the documents.

 

Ё Эн НЗбЙ жМжП гЦЗСЪ гУКгС дУКОПг to be + ing:

• I think he is making a plan.                                               

  It is thought that he is making a plan.

= It is thought that a plan is being made.

He is thought to be making a plan.

 

Ё Эн НЗбЙ жМжП гЗЦн гУКгС дУКОПг to have been +V- ing

• I think he was making a plan.                                      

= It is thought that he was making a plan.

= He is thought to have been making a plan.

 

Ё ЗРЗ ИПГдЗ ИгЭЪжб ЗбМгбЙ ЗбЛЗднЙ

2 гЭЪжб ЗбМгбЙ  + to Be + PP. (ЗбКХСнЭ ЗбЛЗбЛ гд ЗбЭЪб ЗбГжб)  + to be + PP. гд ЗбЭЪб ЗбЛЗдн

      (Эн ЗбгЦЗСЪ Гж ЗбгУКЮИб ЗбИУнШ)

гЭЪжб ЗбМгбЙ 2       + to be + PP (гд ЗбЭЪб ЗбГжб)  + to have been + PP. гд ЗбЭЪб ЗбЛЗдн

     (Эн ЗбгЗЦн ж ЗбгЦЗСЪ ЗбКЗг ж ЗбгЗЦн ЗбКЗг)

• We know that he sells drugs.

=It is known that he sells drugs.

=Heisknown to sell drugs.

= Drugs areknownto be sold by him.

 

• The newspaper reported that he forged the money.

=It was reported that he forged the money.

=Hewasreportedto have forged the money.

= The money wasreportedto have been forged (by him).

 

• She said that her father had borrowed the money from the bank.

=It was said that her father had borrowed the money from the bank.

=Her fatherwas said to have borrowed the money from the bank.

= The money was saidto have been borrowed from the bank (by her father).

 

Ё бЗНЩ Гд ЗбЭЗЪб Эн ЗбгИдн ббгМежб нгЯд Гд нЯжд МгбЙ КИПГ ИЕНПн ЗбЯбгЗК ЗбВКнЙ:

When / what / how / why / how much / how long…

• We don't know why he left early.       

Why he left early isn't known.

Ё гбЗНЩЗК ЪЗгЙ ККЪбЮ ИЗбгИдн ббгМежб:

1-ЪдПгЗ нУКОПг ЗбгХПС ИЪП ЗбГЭЪЗб ЗбКЗбнЙ see/watch/hear Эн ЗбгЪбжгЎ дУКОПг TO ЮИб ЗбгХПС Эн ЗбгМежб:

 

• We saw her leave the building.

=She was seen to leave the building.

 

2-ЪдПгЗ нУКОПг V + ING ИЪП ЗбГЭЪЗб see/watch/hear Эн ЗбгЪбжгЎ дУКОПг V + ING Эн ЗбгМежб:

• We saw her leaving the building.

=She was seen leaving the building.

3-бЗНЩ ШСнЮЙ КНжнб ЗбМгб ЗбВКнЙ Збн ЗбгИдн ббгМежб:

• We didn't see her anywhere.

=She was nowhere to be seen.

=She wasn't seen anywhere.

• We didn't find him anywhere.

=He was nowhere to be found.

=He wasn't found anywhere.

 

4-бЗНЩ ЗУКОПЗг ЭЪб blame  Эн ЗбгИдн ббгМежб:

• They blamed nobody for the accident.

=Nobody was blamed for the accident.

=Nobody was to blame for the accident.

5-бЗНЩ ЗбЭСЮ Эн ЗбгЪдн Инд ЗбМгб ЗбВКнЙ:

 

There’s nothing to do - I’m bored.    (There is no entertainment)

There’s nothing to be done - we’ll have to buy another one.

(There is no way of solving the problem)

6-бЗНЩ ЗбМгб ЗбКн КИПГ ИЬ There + to be Эн НЗбЙ жМжП гХПС Эн ЗбМгбЙ: