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According to Hurrian spells from Ugarit, Ishara was worshiped in Syria in the fol.lowi.ng main
centers: Mari, Tuttu! with Eraar-Sirasse, Mudkm-Nidabe, Yablä-Alise, Nastarbenne-Sidurasse, Tunanab-Saydar and Ugarit-Zuiude, Dietrich - Mayer 1994; Dietrich 2004: 143. Longman 1997: 479. Haas —Wilhelm 1974: 138. For the temple of Ishara /JSTAR at Alalah, see Na’aman 1980. Cf. Also Prechel 1996: 184f. Westenholz 1999:158. See, however, Feliu (2003: 246f. n. 226) who argues against the pairing of Dagan And Ishara in Emar and the neighboring region. For Ishara in Emar, see also Beckman 2002c: 44, 51. KUB 40.2 obv. Prechel 1996: 120ff. with referenees; 893 Prechel 1998: IÖ4f.; van Gessel 1998: 81f. 124 Hittite Anatoj.ta the sanctuarv of Ishara as goddess of oaths was connected with a ftamri-building. 69 *' The Kizzuwatnean Ishara has characteristics of a chthonic goddess. , 695 In the westera Human pantheon Ishara s function changea tundamentaUy. She found herseif among the chthonic deities who were believed to belong to the Earlier generation of gods (see below). Ishara was associated with the goddess Allani and gained many negative characteristics, including a link with the mortal ‘disease F Ishara.’ She was also a guardian of oaths and as such appears in Hittite state Treaties, rnost often in the Company of the Moon-god. 696 Her connection with the Moon- 697 God Sangar / Sag(g)ar in Ma’NE of the Ebla texts should also be noted, ” and later In cults from the Khabur region, the middle Euphrates (Emar) and Kizzuwatna. Allani or ‘Lady (of the Netherworld),’ 6 " who adopted many characteristics from The Mesopotamien Ereskigal, herseif influenced the image of the Sun-goddess of the Earth (3.2.4). ln the Hurrian-Luwian environment of Kizzuwatna these two goddesses Became identified. In Mesopotamia, Allani was venerated as Allatu, but in Asia Minor The two manifestations of the goddess were treated as separate deities. Allatu, equa- Ted with the god Lelwani, stood at the head of a group of chthonic deities worshiped in the hesla- house in Hattusa' ‘ (see 3.1.1). In a well-known Hurrian-Hittite bilingual text, Allani is called the wood of the holt of the Earth (that is, the netherworld),’ for it is there that she had her palaee. The Hurrians shared with the inhabitants of Mesopotamia the belief that A man’s fate was decided in the netherworld prior to his birth. As queen of the nether world Allani had her share in this.' 02 It also explains her ties with the divine See now Prechel 2008: 127f. Archi 2002b. Prechel 1996: 94ff. See also Laroche 1955b: 11 n. 3; Otten 1961: 155 for the writing of the god- Dess’s narae with the logogram ISTAR. Prechel 1996: 10ff., 17; 1999: 375, 377f. Haas 1994a: 373, 568 with n. 191. Cf, also Prechel 1996: 86; Beckinan 2002c: 48, 82. Haas 1994a: 405f.; Popko 1995a: 99; Torri 1999: 97ff, Torri (1999: 112) has proposed that the Akkadogram ALLATUM is in Hittite texts nothing more than a way of writing the name of Lelwani. Yet, her arguing {p. 63ff.) that Lelwani, like the Meso- Potamian Allatu, was a goddess is not persuasive. Texts from the later Empire period, in which Lelwani is given the epithet ‘My Lady’ (cf. Torri 1999: 45ff.), evidence the transfer of the name Of the Hattian god to Allatu. The Human Kumarbi is a case in the opposite direction when a god of foreign origin is given the name of an Anatolian goddess (=Halki / NISABA), cf. Archi 2004b. Neu 1996; cf. also Haas 1994a: 549ff.; Wilhelm 2001.
The Empire Period midwives Hudena Hudellurra (or Hodens Hodeüurra),' whose cult among the West Ern Hurrians draws upon the tradition of Syrian mother goddesses, protectresses of Pregnant women and assistants in childbirth, represented among others by the seven 704 Ugaritan Kofarätu. * In the Yazilikaya procession, a pair of goddesses is identified By epigrapbs as Hudena Hudellurra (3.2,2), although the plural form of the Hurrian Names suggests that we are dealing here with a group of mother goddesses on the Syrian mode. ME 6 rü 1 In Hittite texts, the Human divine midwives correspond to DINGIR.MAH.‘ ' 705 Gulses, “ the logogram probably concealing a group of the Luwian Darawanzi-god- Desses (Darawes in Hittite). 700 Together with the Sun-goddess of the Earth, the MEÖ/Hl A
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