Causes of Exploration
1.
| In the 15th century, powerful centralized states of England, France and Spain were established
|
| New powerful monarchs tried to expand their territories and wealth through conquest
|
|
|
|
|
2.
| In the 15th century, Europe witnessed significant technological change
|
| New navigational instruments were invented to enable seamen to cross oceans
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|
|
|
|
3.
| The printing press was invented in Germany in the 1450s
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| Newly printed books and accounts of voyages stimulated Europeans' curiosity about overseas countries
|
Motives for Exploration
1.
| Popular accounts of voyages
|
| European rules hoped to in-
|
| in the 15th century described
|
| crease their nations' wealth by
|
| the riches of the East: pepper,
|
| establishing direct trade with
|
| silk, dyes, perfumes, jewels
|
| the East
|
| and gold
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.
| Catholic Church dominated
|
| European explorers and co-
|
| European societies in the Mid-
|
| lonizers wished to convert ot-
|
| dle Ages
|
| her peoples to Christianity
|
Task 2. Fill in the table representing different types of the first European settlements in North America.
| Spanish
| French
| Dutch
| English
|
Reasons for establishment
| The motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions
| to export products such as fish, sugar, and furs;
to draw from the wealth of natural resources.
| to exploit the North American fur trade;
to find a north-east passage to Asia
| to rival the Spanish American colonies in military and economic might
|
Type of settlement (model of colonization)
| The invaders brought with them a labor system known as the encomienda, which had originally developed in Spain.
Under this scheme, large New World land grants were made by the Crown to favored Spanish individuals. The grantees were responsible for the protection and Christian instruction of inhabitants of the lands, and those natives were required to pay tribute — often in the form of crops and labor — to the grantee.
| The territory was divided into colonies, each with its own administration: Canada, Acadia, Newfoundland (Plaisance), and Louisiana
| The Dutch encouraged a kind of feudal aristocracy over time, to attract settlers to the region of the Hudson River, in what became known as the system of the Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions. The earliest Dutch settlement was built around 1613, and consisted of a number of small huts built by the crew of the " Tijger "
| Three types of colonies existed in the British Empire in America during the height of its power in the 18th century. These were charter colonies, proprietary colonies and royal colonies.
|
Main occupation of settlers
| Trade&farming
| Trade&farming
| worked as farmers, fur traders, and builders.
| growing and selling a new crop, tobacco.
|
Task 3. Answer the following questions.
Who were the Paleo-Indians?
Paleo-Indians, Paleoindians or Paleoamericans is a classification term given to the first peoples who entered, and subsequently inhabited, the Americas during the final glacial episodes of the late Pleistocene period.
Nomads, nomadic
a) nomadic are people who move from one place to another rather than
living in one place all of the time.
b) nomads tribes travel these regions with their camel herds.
Causes of Exploration
1.
| In the 15th century, powerful centralized states of England, France and Spain were established
|
| New powerful monarchs tried to expand their territories and wealth through conquest
|
|
|
|
|
2.
| In the 15th century, Europe witnessed significant technological change
|
| New navigational instruments were invented to enable seamen to cross oceans
|
|
|
|
|
3.
| The printing press was invented in Germany in the 1450s
|
| Newly printed books and accounts of voyages stimulated Europeans' curiosity about overseas countries
|
Motives for Exploration
1.
| Popular accounts of voyages
|
| European rules hoped to in-
|
| in the 15th century described
|
| crease their nations' wealth by
|
| the riches of the East: pepper,
|
| establishing direct trade with
|
| silk, dyes, perfumes, jewels
|
| the East
|
| and gold
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.
| Catholic Church dominated
|
| European explorers and co-
|
| European societies in the Mid-
|
| lonizers wished to convert ot-
|
| dle Ages
|
| her peoples to Christianity
|
Task 2. Fill in the table representing different types of the first European settlements in North America.
| Spanish
| French
| Dutch
| English
|
Reasons for establishment
| The motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions
| to export products such as fish, sugar, and furs;
to draw from the wealth of natural resources.
| to exploit the North American fur trade;
to find a north-east passage to Asia
| to rival the Spanish American colonies in military and economic might
|
Type of settlement (model of colonization)
| The invaders brought with them a labor system known as the encomienda, which had originally developed in Spain.
Under this scheme, large New World land grants were made by the Crown to favored Spanish individuals. The grantees were responsible for the protection and Christian instruction of inhabitants of the lands, and those natives were required to pay tribute — often in the form of crops and labor — to the grantee.
| The territory was divided into colonies, each with its own administration: Canada, Acadia, Newfoundland (Plaisance), and Louisiana
| The Dutch encouraged a kind of feudal aristocracy over time, to attract settlers to the region of the Hudson River, in what became known as the system of the Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions. The earliest Dutch settlement was built around 1613, and consisted of a number of small huts built by the crew of the " Tijger "
| Three types of colonies existed in the British Empire in America during the height of its power in the 18th century. These were charter colonies, proprietary colonies and royal colonies.
|
Main occupation of settlers
| Trade&farming
| Trade&farming
| worked as farmers, fur traders, and builders.
| growing and selling a new crop, tobacco.
|
Task 3. Answer the following questions.
Who were the Paleo-Indians?
Paleo-Indians, Paleoindians or Paleoamericans is a classification term given to the first peoples who entered, and subsequently inhabited, the Americas during the final glacial episodes of the late Pleistocene period.
What groups of Indians lived in North America?
There lived Cherokee, Creek, and Choc-taw in the Southeast, Iroquois Confederacy in Northeast. In general nearly 400 tribes lived in North America.
3.By whom was the "mother culture" of America created?
By Olmec civilization.
4.What were the other advanced early civilizations in America?
Aztec, Maya.