Direct Speech Reported Speech

“I can fix it”, he said to me. He said he could fix it.

TELL вживається в непрямій мові:

а) за наявності непрямого додатка, що означає особу, до якої звертаються:

Direct Speech Reported Speech

“I can do it”, he said to me. He told me he could do it.

б) якщо після непрямого додатка йде інфінітив(стверджувальний або заперечний):

Direct Speech Reported Speech

He said to me: “Please, don`t go out!” He told me not to go out.

ASK вживається в непрямих питаннях:

Direct Speech Reported Speech

He asked: “Are you OK?” He asked me if I was OK.

f) Питальні речення, відтворені непрямою мовою, називаються непрямими запитаннями. Непрямі запитання мають структуру розповідного речення: в них прямий порядок слів (присудок ставиться після підмета).

При перетворенні прямої мови на непряму загальне запитання замінюється підрядним реченням, яке з’єднується з головним за допомогою сполучників if або whether.

I asked him: “Do you know the boy?” I asked him if he knew the boy.

He asked me: “Have you had lunch?” He asked me whether I had had lunch.

 

При відтворенні непрямою мовою спеціальних запитань питальні слова (займенники і прислівники) стають сполучними словами:

He said to me: “Why didn`t you come?” He asked me why I hadn`t come.

She asked him: “Where have you been?” She asked him where he had been.

 

EXERCISES

15. Translate into English:

1. Вони подумали, що він зараз на роботі. 2. Я забув, що вона приїде наступного тижня. 3. Вона дізналась, що його завтра не буде на роботі.
4. Він сказав, що вільний. 5. Вона сказала, що робить це кожного дня.
6. Він заявив, що був в Америці минулого року. 7. Вони забули, що з ним трапилась аварія минулого тижня. 8. Вона зрозуміла, що в нього сьогодні немає грошей. 9. Вони знали, що вона не піде туди завтра. 10. Вони сказали, що чекають на нього вже годину. 11. Вона сказала, що готує зараз їжу. 12. Він сказав, що вивчає англійську мову. 13. Вони сказали, що чекатимуть на нього завтра з 7-ї до 8-ї. 14. Він сказав, що вона грає на піаніно зранку. 15. Вони забули, що вчора його не було вдома. 16. Вона сказала, що вона ще не обідала. 17. Він сказав, що минулого тижня він був у Києві. 18. Вона дізналась, що він бачив її вчора. 19. Він зрозумів, що вона не збирається з ним говорити. 20. Я забув, що вони не розуміють іспанську.

16. Change from direct to indirect speech:

Example: The pupils said: “We study English.”

The pupils said that they studied English.

1. The girl said: “I am busy today.” 2. The man said: “They are at work now.” 3. My aunt said: “He was here yesterday”. 4. Mary said: “I was there with my parents last week.” 5. He said: “ I will be here tomorrow.” 6. His father said: “ I don’t speak Spanish.” 7. The doctor said: “I will come again in the morning.” 8. The women said: “I didn’t see Helen there.” 9. The children said: “ We had lunch at school.” 10. The women said: “ I have three children.” 11. She said: “I am playing tennis now.” 12. He said: “She bought it yesterday.”13. She said: “I will do it tomorrow.” 14. They said: “They are still waiting for him.” 15. They said: “We have been discussing the issue since 5 o’clock.”16. He said: “We have been playing tennis for an hour.” 17. She said: “I will be waiting for him from 5 till 6.” 18. She said: “I am watching television.” 19. My friend said: “I didn’t recognize him.” 20. The boy said: “I am not hungry now.” 21. Charlie said: “Margaret has had a baby.” 22. He said: “You can come and stay with me if you are ever in London.” 23. They said: “Tom had an accident last week but he wasn’t injured.”

17. Change from direct to indirect speech:

1. He asked: “Are you going home?” 2. He asked: “Do you know Peter?” 3. He asked: “Do you have much money?” 4. He asked: “Would you like a cup of tea?” 5. He asked: “Have you ever been to Paris?” 6. He asked: “Did you see Peter yesterday?” 7. He asked: “Will you come out if it rains?” 8. He asked: “Where were you last week?” 9. He asked: “When will they arrive?” 10. He asked: “Why have you done it?” 11. He asked: “How many people are coming?” 12. He asked: “ Which of you have seen this film?” 13. He asked: “Whose car is this? 14. He asked: “How long have you been watching TV?”

15. He asked: “What are you doing now?” 16. He asked: “Can you swim?”

17. He asked: “Will you be able to be the first?” 18. He asked: “What could you do in this case?” 19. He asked: “When are you going to have a snack?” 20. He asked: “Are you allowed to have a break?”

18. Change from direct into indirect speech:

1. Peter said: “My sister is learning to cook.” 2. Jack said: “I come to school by bus every day.” 3. Tom said: “Mary fell down but she didn’t hurt herself.”
4. Ann said: “My uncle has just bought a new car.” 5. The teacher said to the pupils: “I hope to see you during the holidays.” 6. The teacher said to the lazy pupil: “Wake up!” 7. The mother said: “Don’t play with fire!” 8. Jack said: “Who has taken my pen?” 9. Mary’s mother asked her: “Whom did you see in the hospital?” 10. I asked Peter: “Are you going to play football?” 11. She asked me: “Are you hungry?” 12. He asked his guest: “Do you like coffee?” 13. I asked my friend: “How do you feel after your holiday?” 14. I saw a cloud of smoke and asked: “What is burning?” 15. He asked: “Have you just arrived?” 16. She said: “I have been very ill but I am feeling much better.” 17. He said: “I met him in 1986.” 18. He said: “I was writing a letter when she entered the room.” 19. She said: “The price doesn’t include the cost of packing.” 20. She asked: “How long have you been studying French?”

19. Change from direct into indirect speech:

1. He has just said: “I want to speak to you.” 2. He said: “I’m afraid I can’t go there now, but I shall probably be able to go tomorrow.” 3. He said to me: “You must eat more fruit.” 4. She said: “You should wait until the weather changes.” 5. I asked him: “Can you meet me tomorrow?” 6. He asked me: “Do you think that the weather will change?” 7. He asked her: “Did anybody call this morning?” 8. He has just asked me: “ Who will come to the cinema with me?” 9. I asked him: “What will you do if you miss the train?” 10. He said to the secretary: “Bring me the letter we have received this morning!” 11. I said to her: “Please, open the window!” 12. She said to me: “Please, don’t be rude!” 13. She said: “You should be careful.” 14. They said: “She can be free.” 15. He said: “It may rain.” 16. She said: “You won’t be allowed to have a rest.” 17. I asked: “Could you have a rest?’ 18. She said: “You must be on duty now.” 19. They said: “You had better stay.” 20. I asked: “Will you be able to do it tomorrow?”

T E S T 6

1. Did he tell you …?

a) what the problem was; c) what was the problem;

b) the problem was what; d) was what the problem.

2. She decided that she … the early train.

a) took; c) would take;

b) was taken; d) will take.

3. The teacher told the students … too much time on the first question.

a) that they don`t spend; c) to not spend;

b) not to spend; d) that they won’t spend.

4. The thought that perhaps in the morning he … a millionaire pleased him.

a) will be; c) would take;

b) had to be; d) were.

5. “I am never going to go by bus again”, says the fat man. the fat man said that

…. by bus again.

a) he will never go; c) he would never go;

b) he never went; d) he never goes.

6. She said that the letter … next morning.

a) would posted; c) would be posted;

b) will be posted; d) had been posted.

7. We didn`t know the score, but we were sure their team….

a) to be lost; c) had lost;

b) has lost; d) lost.

8. I went to England because I … English.

a) was wanted to learn; c) wanted to learn;

b) wanted learning; d) wanted to learning.

9. He asked her … to have pork.

a) that they were; c) if they are going;

b) if they were going; d) what they were going.

10. He phoned to say that he _______ his bag on the plane.

a) has left c) had left

b) left d) was leaving

11. I don`t know ….

a) where this museum; c) where is this museum;

b) where this museum is; d) this museum is where.

12. He came home late, so I asked him where … been.

a) he had; c) he was;

b) he has; d) had he.

13. The policeman … me not to park there.

a) asked; c) said;

b) told; d) advised.
14. I wonder ….

a) what time it is; c) what time is it;

b) what is the time; d) what is it time.

15. Barbara said that her grandma … her some money.
a) give; c) will give;

b) would give; d) would be given.

16. I wondered who Ted … in these different places.

a) will be contact; c) were contacting;

b) had been contacting; d) contact.

17. Tell me what…

a) do you want me to buy for you; c) you want me to buy for you;

b) do you want me buy for you; d) you want me buy for you.

18. I knew that he … waiting for somebody.

a) is; c) would;

b) was; d) had.

19. Do you remember that we … to the cinema tonight.

a) will be gone; c) would go;

b) are going; d) go.

20. The teacher asked why ….

a) was she late for school again; c) she was late for school again;

b) she again for school was late; d) she is late for school again.

21. Could you tell us …?

a) when does the concert begin; c) when the concert begun;

b) when did the concert begin; d) when the concert begins.

22. I wonder …

a) what are you reading; c) what you are reading;

b) what you reading; d) what do you read.

23. She said she… him as soon as she arrived.

a) will phone; c) phoned;

b) would phone; d) phone.

24. The flight attendant asked the passengers … because the plane was

taking off.

a) not smoking; c) should not smoke;

b) doesn`t smoke; d) not to smoke.

25. “There isn`t any price on this”. – “ Ask the clerk … “

a) how much costs it c) it costs how much

b) how it costs much d) how much it costs.

 

APPENDIX 1 List of irregular verbs

Infinitive	Translation	Past simple	Past participle
1. arise 2. be 3. bear 4. beat 5. become 6. begin 7. bend 8. bind 9. bet   10. bite 11. bleed 12. blow 13. break 14. breed 15. broadcast 16. bring 17. build 18. burn 19. burst 20. buy 21. catch 22. choose 23. cling 24. come 25. cost 26. creep 27. cut 28. deal 29. dig 30. dive 31. do 32. draw 33. dream 34. drink 35. drive 36. eat 37. fall 38. feed 39. feel 40. fight 41. find 42. fit 43. flee 44. fly 45. forbid 46. forget 47. forgive 48. freeze 49. get 50. give 51. go 52. grind 53. grow 54. hang 55. have 56. hear 57. hide 58. hit 59. hold 60. hurt 61. keep 62. kneel 63. know 64. lay 65. lead 66. lean 67. leap 68. learn 69. leave 70. lend 71. let 72. lie 73. light 74. lose 75. make 76. mean 77. meet 78. mistake 79. mow 80. pay 81. put 82. quit 83. read [ri:d] 84. ride 85. ring 86. rise 87. run 88. saw[s:] 89. sew[sou] 90. sow[sou] 91. say 92. see 93. seek 94. sell 95. send 96. set 97. shake 98. shine 99. shoot 100. show 101. shrink 102. shut 103. sing 104. sink 105. sit 106. sleep 107. slide 108. smell 109. speak 110. spend 111. spill 112. spin 113. spit 114. split 115. spoil 116. spread 117. spring 118. stand 119. steal 120. stick 121. sting 122. strike 123. strive 124. swear 125. sweep 126. swell 127. swim 128. swing 129. take 130. teach 131. tear 132. tell 133. think 134. throw 135. understand 136. wake 137. wear 138. win 139. wind 140. write	підійматися,виникати бути народжувати бити ставати починати згинати зв’язувати тримати парі, битися об заклад кусати кровоточити дути ламати розводити передавати по радіо приносити будувати горіти вибухати купувати ловити вибирати чіплятися приходити коштувати повзти різати мати справу копати пірнати робити малювати мріяти пити водити їсти падати годувати відчувати битися знаходити підходити тікати, рятуватися літати забороняти забувати вибачати морозити отримувати давати іти молоти зростати висіти мати чути ховати ударяти тримати завдавати болю зберігати ставати на коліна знати класти вести (за собою) нахиляти, нагибати стрибати вивчати покидати позичати дозволяти лежати запалювати губити виготовляти означати зустрічати помилятися косити платити класти припиняти читати їздити верхи дзвонити піднімати бігати пиляти шити сіяти сказати бачити шукати продавати відсилати установлювати трясти світити стріляти показувати стискатися закривати співати тонути сидіти спати ковзати пахнути говорити витрачати розливати прясти плювати розколювати псувати поширюватися стрибати, зіскакувати стояти красти втикати жалити ударяти старатися присягати замітати розпухати плавати качатися брати навчати рвати розказувати думати кидати розуміти будити носити вигравати заводити писати	arose was/were bore beat became began bent bound bet   bit bled blew broke bred broadcast brought built burnt burst bought caught chose clung came cost crept cut dealt dug dove did drew dreamt drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found fit fled flew forbade forgot forgave froze got gave went ground grew hung had heard hid hit held hurt kept knelt knew laid led leaned leapt learnt left lent let lay lit lost made meant met mistook mowed paid put quit read [red] rode rang rose ran sawed[s:d] sewed[soud] sowed[soud] said saw sought sold sent set shook shone shot showed shrank shut sang sank sat slept slid smelt spoke spent spilt spun spat split spoilt spread sprang stood stole stuck stung struck strove swore swept swelled swam swung took taught tore told thought threw understood woke wore won wound wrote	arisen been born beaten become begun bent bound bet bitten   bled blown broken bred broadcast brought built burnt burst bought caught chosen clung come cost crept cut dealt dug dived done drawn dreamt drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found fit fled flown forbidden forgotten forgiven frozen got given gone ground grown hung had heard hidden hit held hurt kept knelt known laid led leant leapt learnt left lent let lain lit lost made meant met mistaken mown paid put quit read [red] ridden rung risen run sawn[s:n] sawn[soun] sown[soun] said seen sought sold sent set shaken shone shot shown shrunk shut sung sunk sat slept slid smelt spoken spent spilt spun spat split spoilt spread sprung stood stolen stuck stung struck striven sworn swept swollen(swelled) swum swung taken taught torn told thought thrown understood woken worn won wound written

 

 

Література

1. Тести з англійської мови[Текст]/ Гужва Т. М., Гусак Т. М. − К., 2008.

2. English grammar in Usl[Text]/ Raymond Murphy − Cambridge university press? 1994.

3. Round-up G[Text]/ Virginia Evans. − Addison Wesley Longman Limited, 2002.

4. Modern English. Grammar in practice[Text]/ T. Gusak. Kyiv, 2002.

5. Грамматика. Сборник упражнений[Текст]/ Голицынский Ю. Санкт-Петергург, “Паро”, 2001.

6. Граматика сучасної англійської мови[Текст]/ Верба Л. Г., Вреба Т. В. Довідник. Київ, 2001.